Tindak Tutur Direktif dan Strategi Bertutur Generasi Muda dalam Bahasa Nias pada Komunikasi Tidak Resmi di Kota Padang
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis tindak tutur direktif, strategi bertutur, dan konteks penggunaan strategi bertutur dalam tindak tutur direktif yang digunakan oleh generasi muda penutur bahasa Nias dalam komunikasi tidak resmi di Kota Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data berupa tuturan direktif diperoleh melalui teknik simak bebas libat cakap dan dianalisis dengan triangulasi sumber untuk menjamin keabsahan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) jenis tindak tutur direktif yang dominan digunakan adalah tindak tutur menanyakan dengan modus interogatif informatif dan konfirmatoris; (2) strategi bertutur yang paling sering digunakan adalah strategi terus terang tanpa basa-basi, sedangkan strategi yang paling jarang digunakan adalah strategi samar-samar; dan (3) konteks penggunaan strategi bertutur bervariasi tergantung pada relasi kekuasaan dan keakraban, antara lain: (a) strategi terus terang dengan basa-basi kesantunan positif dalam tindak tutur memohon digunakan ketika penutur lebih rendah atau lebih muda (+K) dan akrab (+S), (b) strategi tanpa basa-basi dalam tindak tutur menyuruh dan menyarankan digunakan ketika penutur setara (=K) dan akrab (+S), dan (c) strategi terus terang tanpa basa-basi dalam tindak tutur menyuruh digunakan dalam konteks penutur lebih tinggi atau lebih tua (-K) dan akrab (+S). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pilihan strategi bertutur dalam tindak tutur direktif dipengaruhi oleh faktor relasional dan sosial dalam komunikasi informal antar generasi muda penutur bahasa Nias di Kota Padang.
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