Peran Membaca Kritis dalam Pengembangan Literasi Akademik Mahasiswa
Abstract
Membaca kritis merupakan kemampuan penting dalam pengembangan literasi akademik mahasiswa karena melalui kegiatan membaca seseorang tidak hanya menerima informasi, tetapi juga menganalisis, mengevaluasi, serta menafsirkan isi bacaan secara mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peran membaca kritis dalam meningkatkan literasi akademik mahasiswa, mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa terhadap aktivitas membaca, serta mengidentifikasi hambatan yang dihadapi dalam praktik membaca kritis. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa angket terbuka, wawancara semi-terstruktur, dan dokumentasi. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 25 mahasiswa aktif semester dua. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa masih memandang membaca sebagai kewajiban akademik semata, bukan sebagai sarana eksplorasi pengetahuan. Mahasiswa cenderung menggunakan teknik membaca cepat seperti skimming dan scanning sehingga kemampuan membaca mendalam (deep reading) belum berkembang optimal. Selain itu, terdapat kesenjangan antara kesadaran mahasiswa mengenai pentingnya membaca kritis dengan praktik nyata sehari-hari. Hambatan yang ditemukan meliputi rendahnya motivasi membaca, keterbatasan waktu, beban tugas akademik, minimnya ruang diskusi kritis, serta pengaruh budaya digital yang menurunkan fokus membaca. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pembelajaran yang mendorong budaya membaca kritis melalui tugas reflektif, diskusi dialogis, dan pembinaan literasi secara sistematis di perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi strategis bagi pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan tinggi melalui penyusunan rekomendasi kebijakan literasi yang mengintegrasikan tugas-tugas analitis ke dalam mata kuliah umum guna memperkuat pondasi berpikir kritis mahasiswa secara berkelanjutan.
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