Pemahaman Karakter Peserta Didik Sebagai Tantangan Utama Guru dalam Menciptakan Pembelajaran Efektif di Sekolah Dasar
Abstract
Pemahaman karakter peserta didik merupakan salah satu kompetensi pedagogik yang sangat penting dalam menciptakan pembelajaran yang efektif di sekolah dasar, terutama pada implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka yang menekankan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana pemahaman karakter peserta didik menjadi tantangan utama guru dalam menciptakan pembelajaran yang efektif, mengidentifikasi hambatan yang dihadapi guru, serta mendeskripsikan strategi yang digunakan dalam memahami karakter peserta didik. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus yang dilaksanakan pada salah satu sekolah dasar yang menerapkan Kurikulum Merdeka. Subjek penelitian meliputi kepala sekolah, guru kelas, dan peserta didik yang dipilih secara purposive. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña melalui tahapan kondensasi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan dan verifikasi kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru telah memahami pentingnya mengenali karakter peserta didik melalui asesmen diagnostik, observasi, komunikasi dengan orang tua, dan refleksi pembelajaran. Namun, guru masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti heterogenitas karakter peserta didik, jumlah peserta didik yang banyak, keterbatasan waktu observasi, beban administrasi, serta pengaruh perkembangan teknologi digital. Untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut, guru menerapkan berbagai strategi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan, minat, kesiapan belajar, dan gaya belajar peserta didik. Penerapan strategi tersebut terbukti meningkatkan keaktifan, motivasi belajar, kerja sama, disiplin kelas, interaksi guru dan peserta didik, serta hasil belajar. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemahaman karakter peserta didik menjadi fondasi utama dalam merancang pembelajaran yang adaptif, inklusif, dan berpusat pada peserta didik sehingga mampu meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran di sekolah dasar.
Kata kunci: karakter peserta didik, kompetensi pedagogik, pembelajaran efektif, pembelajaran berdiferensiasi, Kurikulum Merdeka, sekolah dasar.
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