Ekspansi Visibilitas Ekologis dalam Wacana Program Makan Bergizi Gratis: Kajian Ekolinguistik Kritis
Abstract
Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan kebijakan pangan dan gizi berskala nasional yang dalam komunikasi institusionalnya tidak hanya mengonstruksi gizi gizi, tetapi juga menghadirkan pangan lokal, rantai pasok, ketahanan pangan, krisis iklim, limbah, dan sirkular ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana aktor, pangan, dan lingkungan direpresentasikan dalam wacana resmi MBG; mengidentifikasi bagaimana pembingkaian, arti-penting, penghapusan, identitas, evaluasi , dan keyakinan bekerja dalam membangun visibilitas ekologis; serta menjelaskan orientasi ekologis yang direproduksi melalui pola tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan perspektif ekolinguistik kritis terhadap delapan dokumen dan berita resmi Badan Gizi Nasional (BGN) yang terbit pada tahun 2025–2026. Data dipilih secara tujuan berdasarkan variasi tema yang mewakili hulu, konsumsi, dan pascakonsumsi, dan diperlakukan sebagai korpus terbatas, bukan representasi keseluruhan wacana MBG. Analisis menggunakan konsep cerita yang kita jalani oleh Stibbe dengan ekosistem ekosistem relasional sebagai dasar evaluasi ekologis. Hasil menunjukkan tiga pola utama. Pertama, kerangka penyediaan gizi tetap dominan, namun kesenjangan menuju sistem pangan melalui representasi rantai pasok, pangan lokal, dan aktor hulu. Kedua, visibilitas ekologis meningkat melalui isu krisis iklim dan limbah, tetapi berlangsung secara merata sehingga tanah, udara, energi, keanekaragaman hayati, dan sebagian dampak produksi masih relatif dilatarbelakangi. Ketiga, isu limbah bergerak dari objek yang dipromosikan dalam narasi inovasi menuju tanggung jawab kelembagaan melalui modalitas kewajiban seperti “wajib”. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa wacana MBG lebih tepat dipahami sebagai keanekaragaman antroposentris ekologis yang mengalami ekspansis (keberlanjutan antroposentris mengalami perluasan ekologi) , bukan sebagai pergeseran penuh menuju ekosentrisme. Secara pedagogis, temuan tersebut menawarkan dasar konseptualisasi untuk pengembangan pembacaan kritis-ekologis terhadap teks autentik dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.
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